TONYA MOSLEY, HOST:
This is FRESH AIR. I'm Tonya Mosley. In 1980, a young woman sat down at her typewriter while her baby slept and tried to become a writer. She wanted to write something that mattered, a "Madame Bovary." Instead, most days she folded laundry or fell asleep. That woman was my guest's mother, writer Rachel Aviv, who would grow up to become a writer herself for The New Yorker. Aviv's new book is a collection of stories about mothers and daughters. She first wrote them for The New Yorker, a young teacher who experienced a mysterious condition that caused her to forget who she was, disappearing for days at a time, a Filipino woman who left her nine children to raise someone else's in the U.S. When she wrote them the first time, Aviv identified with the daughters without quite realizing it. Then she became a mother herself, went back and saw how much of the mother she'd missed. The book is called "You Won't Get Free Of It: Stories Of Mothers And Daughters."
Rachel Aviv is a staff writer at The New Yorker, where she writes about medicine, mental illness, and criminal justice. She won a National Magazine award for her profiles, and this year, she was a Pulitzer finalist for a story about patients misdiagnosed with schizophrenia who turn out to have a treatable autoimmune disease. The New York Times named her first book, "Strangers To Ourselves," one of the best books of 2022. Rachel Aviv, welcome to FRESH AIR.
RACHEL AVIV: Thanks so much for having me.
MOSLEY: Thank you for writing this book. I really enjoyed it. And I want to start off our conversation by having you read from the preface of the book because the very personal and journalistic turn you've taken you really lay out here toward a mother's point of view. Can I have you read that excerpt?
AVIV: Yeah.
(Reading) The novelist Yiyun Li writes that the essence of growing up is to play hide and seek with one's mother successfully. In this book, I have chosen stories originally published in The New Yorker of mother-child pairs acting out this game. I wrote some of these stories feeling existentially like a daughter, and now I have returned to them with a different identification. It was as if I had failed to see the drama on the mother's side too, her particular longings and humiliations and needs.
MOSLEY: Thank you so much. I wanted you to read that short excerpt because I think it really encapsulates what you've done here. And what's so fascinating to me is you wrote most of these stories before you had children, and then you returned to them after. When did you first notice it changing the way you read your own work, that new experience, identity of being a mother?
AVIV: I was rereading the first piece I had written for The New Yorker when I was 28, and I was rereading it because for my last book, I was writing about sort of issues related to psychiatric insight. And the first story I wrote for The New Yorker really dealt with those issues. So I just wanted to re read my notes and sort of see what kind of information I had been collecting at that time. And as I was reading my interview notes, I noticed that - the story is about a woman named Linda Bishop, who refuses psychiatric care in a psychiatric hospital in New Hampshire, leaves the hospital and ends up sort of subsisting on apples in an abandoned farmhouse.
And in the story, I remember I had described her her mental illness is sort of emerging out of nowhere after a happy, harmonious childhood. And when I was reading my notes, I was struck that a friend of Linda's had told me that she had given up a baby for adoption when she was in her late teens. And I was amazed that I just had not mentioned that in the piece, that that detail had not registered as an important life event. So that was the first moment that I became just aware of kind of the instability of my own authority in a way or sort of how much my life experience was shaping the kind of questions I was asking and the curiosities I had.
MOSLEY: I actually want to talk about the first story. So it's about a young woman named Hannah Upp. And for people who don't know her, tell us who she was - and this mysterious condition she had, dissociative fugue state
AVIV: Hannah was a teacher in Harlem in 2008, a very loved person. She had many, many friends. And one day, she disappeared, essentially, and her roommates realized she'd been gone for five days, and they called the police, and the police began searching for her throughout Manhattan. And no one could find her. And it became a kind of New York City news story where everyone was searching for this young teacher. And after three weeks, she surfaced in the water of the Hudson River, and she had no memory of what she'd been doing or where she was or even no understanding that three weeks had passed.
She was eventually diagnosed with disassociative fugue, which is a really rare species of disassociation where people kind of embark on these long journeys and lose access to their personal history. And sometimes they kind of emerge after months or years and don't know why they have sort of assumed a new name and a new job and a new home. And over the course of 10 years, she had two more fugues in which she disappeared. I started writing about her when she had disappeared for the third time, and that was in St. Thomas. And after that third fugue, she was never found.
MOSLEY: I mean, this condition is astounding, this dissociative fugue state. It's rare, but it happens. Is this another - you know, back in the '80s and the '90s, there was a preoccupation with amnesia and people leaving their lives and then showing up somewhere else as someone else and not having any understanding of, like, who they were prior, and that trauma is what typically caused it. This is kind of like a definitive diagnosis for something like that.
AVIV: Yeah. And I think it's really compromised by that era in the '80s and the '90s in which people were recovering memories of abuse. And later, it was sort of understood that these memories were often unreliable and that it was a sort of moment of hysteria. And I think disassociation in general, like, got a bad reputation because of that. And the field wasn't really able to kind of preserve the aspects of disassociation that were sort of enduring and didn't relate to that particular cultural moment. That was sort of disassociation manifesting as this almost, like, cultural syndrome. But disassociation has always existed and been observed. And I think psychiatrists have been kind of tentative in part because it does have that sort of mystical whiff.
MOSLEY: There is a detail that you left out of the first essay. It is also about the loss of a baby. So before Hannah was born, her mother, Barbara, had given birth to a baby too early, and that baby only lived a day. And Hannah's disappearances kept happening around that baby's birthday. And now you cut that out the first time, in that first essay, because you felt it was too symbolic. What made you trust it the second time?
AVIV: You know, I think I - there was some feeling that it felt too sentimental or, like, almost a cliche. And I think on one level, I feel like this sort of grudging acceptance that there's a reason cliches become cliches. They, like - they're real. On the other hand, I think It almost felt like it couldn't be true. And I think maybe one of the things that I was interested in when I went back to it was the way that it didn't really matter, like, how true it was the first time. But then it sort of installs itself as this family myth. And the story that Hannah has these fugues at the same time of year as her mother's lost baby does sort of work on the people. You know, it works on Hannah, it works on her mother and maybe then it influences it in its own way. So...
MOSLEY: Because - just to make a point of clarity - the mother, Barbara, held this as a belief for herself that every time my daughter Hannah disappears, it's around my first baby's birthday. So she took meaning into this.
AVIV: So, right, like, how much did Hannah absorb about that fact? Or was she responding to her mother becoming depressed at that time of year? Or, you know, maybe her mother had been feeling depressed always around that time of year, which would completely make sense, and Hannah grew up with a particular sort of mood around that time of year, which then influenced her own cycle. There are so many ways in which that can sort of filter into the family life and the family narrative, even if it wasn't explicit.
MOSLEY: What does that tell you about the deep connections between mothers and daughters? Because on one hand, journalistically, I could see why you would cut that out. I mean, I think a journalist might think it's too much of a coincidence or it's kind of woo-woo, this idea that there's some sort of...
AVIV: Yeah. It felt...
MOSLEY: ...Psychic connection there.
AVIV: Right. Yes, yes.
MOSLEY: You know?
AVIV: Yes. I think that's what it was. Thank you for saying that. I think it felt too mystical, too woo-woo. And it felt like the umbilical cord was still there on some level, like that you cannot separate the mother's sort of cycles and traumas from the daughter's way of moving through the world. And it felt like, by whatever chain of response it was occurring, it had been sort of absorbed by Hannah on some level. And whether it was a coincidence or not didn't feel that meaningful because it had become a story that the family told. And that acted on both mother and daughter.
MOSLEY: If you're just joining us, my guest today is writer Rachel Aviv from The New Yorker. Her new essay collection is called "You Won't Get Free Of It: Stories Of Mothers And Daughters." We'll continue our conversation after a short break. This is FRESH AIR.
(SOUNDBITE OF LOS SUPER SEVEN SONG, "CALLE DIECISEIS")
MOSLEY: This is FRESH AIR. I'm Tonya Mosley, and today I'm talking with New Yorker writer Rachel Aviv. Her new book, "You Won't Get Free Of It," gathers seven stories of mothers and daughters, essays she first reported for the magazine.
Let's talk a little bit about Alice Munro. It is the last story in your book. You know, Alice Munro is such a highly regarded writer. She's a Nobel Prize-winning writer. Can you briefly tell us what came out about her, for those that don't know, and what you ended up writing about her?
AVIV: So in July 2024, there was an article in the Toronto Star about how Alice Munro's daughter, Andrea Skinner, had been sexually abused by Alice Munro's husband, Gerry Fremlin. And Alice Munro had kept that - sort of never sufficiently acknowledged it, to the degree that her daughter Andrea was estranged and could no longer sort of bear to be in her presence.
MOSLEY: Munro, she didn't just look away from her daughter, though. I mean, she used it. The abuse goes into the fiction. One of her daughters, Jenny, has this devastating phrase, that her mother put everything through a, quote, "machine that turns things into gold." Can you talk a little bit for a moment what this had done to Andrea, what you found as you interviewed her and delved into this story that really spanned decades?
AVIV: So Andrea was sort of a fan of her mother's writing. She was proud of her mother's writing. And there were some stories that were transparently about a sexualized daughter who is in pain and sort of sacrificed. And at first Andrea felt, oh, this is great. My mother is dealing with it. She's processing it. And as time went on and Alice Munro continued to write about it in various ways, Andrea saw that she wasn't actually processing it. She was using it.
She was, like, turning it into amazing art, but it wasn't - like, it went one way. It was sort of channeling outward towards the work and not back inward towards her own understanding of what Andrea was experiencing. It was this incredible act of, like, disassociation, in a way, where she could play with the ideas as if they were just sort of interesting themes. And yet, these were the themes that for Andrea had sort of destroyed her young adulthood and childhood.
MOSLEY: What was the most disturbing part of this story for you?
AVIV: There was one audio recording between Alice Munro and her biographer. And her biography did not mention the sexual abuse at all. And she had asked for a meeting at a diner with her biographer, and he recorded it, but he didn't use it. And she basically said, yes, my husband sexually abused Andrea. It's awful. But I will be destroyed if anyone knows. It will become who I am. I've worked so hard to be who I am, and I can't give that up. And it was just so stark. And there was no excuse she was even offering. It was just that. It was like, I have traded my daughter for my career and my art.
MOSLEY: This actually went to court. He pleaded guilty to the sex abuse. And there is a moment where she - Alice - actually says her fear is that this would sort of take over her career. That if people knew that she was with a man who abused a daughter - like, she wouldn't want this to cloud the story of her life. Well, she passes away. And, I mean, it has become the story...
AVIV: Yeah.
MOSLEY: ...That is her life. And your story is a big part of that. How have you thought about that when you think about her entire decision-making was wrapped around her career and the perception around herself at the cost of her children, namely her daughter Andrea?
AVIV: I was thinking about the quote, you won't get free of it, which is a quote from one of her short stories where she describes a mother who has abandoned her children for a man. And I think the era in which she was working was important. Like, it was very rare for a woman to leave a man and sort of pursue her career. And consider...
MOSLEY: Because we're talking about the '70s. Right, yeah.
AVIV: Right. So what she was doing felt new and felt brave. And in a way, it was almost as if, in the spirit of feminism or whatever, she felt she was justified in freeing herself from the burden of her daughter's abuse. And I was just struck, you know, that she felt she would not get free of that abandonment of a child, or she articulated that in a story. And that has become her legacy, that she is not free of the way that she abandoned her daughter.
MOSLEY: As a short story writer, were you yourself a fan of Alice Munro's writing?
AVIV: It was interesting. I've written about artists or writers who have done things that really complicate their legacy or their work. And I did find myself feeling more respect for Alice Munro's sort of craft and writing. And the stories were not fading for me. They were incredible, like, works of art for me. It was like - it felt like the moral universe is such that you would think that there should be some sort of shift in her career and her writing, and she'd be, like, punished aesthetically for turning her daughter's abuse into art. But the strange thing was the work got better. Like, it was more complex. It was more fraught and tense and sort of written from multiple perspectives. It wasn't better morally, but aesthetically, maybe it was.
MOSLEY: How do you sit with that?
AVIV: I guess you don't read writing because the person is good. I don't know. I think I was less interested when I was writing the piece about sort of what to do with her legacy, like what to do with sort of the bad artist or the monster artist, and just more interested in how the monstrous acts sort of was converted into this new form that she almost created.
MOSLEY: What had been the feedback, though, especially from maybe feminist writers, those who kind of held her to an extremely high esteem? You know, she won the Nobel Prize, which speaks to something greater about a person's character, not only just the writing but, you know, who they are is embedded in their writing in a way that we hail, we see as, like, aspirational. Did you receive any feedback from your writing the first time it published?
AVIV: I think the initial news of Alice Munro's silencing of the abuse was the moment when a lot of people who had seen her as this feminist icon felt a real sense of, you know, tragedy and almost heartbreak. And I was upset to find that, as I reported the story, what else Munro had done seemed in a way worse than I had expected. Like, it wasn't that I was finding justifications and sort of reasons. It was actually even more cold than I had expected.
MOSLEY: Her reaction to her daughter being abused?
AVIV: Yeah. It felt quite cold. And yet her two other daughters, like, just felt that she unconditionally loved them. I didn't doubt at all that her other two daughters felt that love. And yet Andrea felt her mother had been totally stony toward her.
And it was moving and sort of tragic to understand that Munro had had her own childhood experiences of abuse and sort of had conditioned herself to deal with it in this very compartmentalized way where she could not allow it to have been something, like, truly hard in her life. She kind of dismissed it, at least in conversation. I think in writing, she, like, allowed it to assume its proper proportions in a way. But then she sort of repeated that with her daughter where she was sort of like - aren't you over this already? - like, couldn't understand that this was still the defining trauma for Andrea's life.
MOSLEY: Our guest today is writer Rachel Aviv from The New Yorker. We'll be right back after a short break. I'm Tonya Mosley and this is FRESH AIR.
(SOUNDBITE OF BILL EVANS' "SOME OTHER TIME")
MOSLEY: This is FRESH AIR. I'm Tonya Mosley, and my guest today is Rachel Aviv, a staff writer at The New Yorker who writes about the places where the mind, medicine and the law collide. She won a National Magazine Award for her profiles, and this year, she was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize for a story about patients misdiagnosed with schizophrenia who turn out to have a treatable autoimmune disease. Her first book, "Strangers To Ourselves," was one of the best books of 2022 on several lists, including The New York Times. Her new one is a collection of essays called "You Won't Get Free Of It: Stories Of Mothers And Daughters."
I do want to ask you about a mother-and-daughter bond that spans the ocean. It's about this woman named Emma in your essay "As If They Were My Daughters." Tell us who Emma is.
AVIV: I met Emma at a advocacy organization for Filipino domestic workers. Emma had come from the Philippines. She had nine daughters and she could no longer support them, so she moved to New York City and she became a nanny for other people's children. And when I met her and some of her friends, I was amazed to see how kind of casually and how normal it had become that they were going years, even decades, without seeing their children. They had made this incredible sacrifice that in order to support their own children and to allow them to live full lives, they needed to abandon them, essentially, and come to America and take care of other people's children.
MOSLEY: This is a phenomenon that's just heartbreaking. And Emma kept this notebook of the books that she loved, and then she would mail them to her daughter in the Philippines, Roxanne, to read to her grandson. And there's a thing that Emma had to do herself to survive this job. She had to kind of, like, transfer her love for her own children onto the children that she was taking care of. She calls it displacement. And could you just talk a little bit about what that displacement looked like?
AVIV: I mean, she became, like, the surrogate mother for these other children, and she also found herself with so much more time to kind of shower them with attention and sort of educational goods. So her children were like, well, you know, why did you never read us books? Why are you reading this other child books? And her children really struggled with holding these two facts, one of which was that their mother went to America because she wanted the best for them, and the second was that their mother was building a new life away from them and they had no contact with her except through Facebook. And so they couldn't help but feel jealous of these sort of American toddlers who were receiving their mother's love.
MOSLEY: When this essay first ran, you called it "The Cost Of Caring" - that was the title. And then you renamed it "As If They Were My Daughters," which speaks to this thing - of this displaced love towards these children that she's caring for. And you also - you changed the ending a bit.
AVIV: Yeah.
MOSLEY: So what did - not only renaming it, but, like, re-ending it, what did that let you see that you couldn't see the first time, or you saw but, like, you omit it for the first time?
AVIV: I think the way I rewrote it was thinking about the kind of fantasy of reunion. It was about Emma's desire to reunite with her children and her children's desire to reunite with her, and they had this fantasy of what that would be like. And there was a way in which I was sort of thinking about it as more of a universal fantasy that there is this, like, space of safety and being held and cared for that everyone holds as this, like, almost primitive fantasy. And I think I was aware of how unreachable it was in Emma's life, both because she didn't plan to come back home, and also this strange thing happened where she felt like she was self-actualizing. Like, she actually was enjoying herself. She was making friends, and she didn't know that she wanted to go back to the old life, and her children didn't know anymore what it even felt like to be in a physical space of their mother. So this idea of the reunion became more and more abstract and sort of fantastical. And I think I wanted to capture that more and to end on that note because it felt continuous with sort of many of the other hopes or fantasies in the other pieces.
MOSLEY: I see the thread in a few of the essays of, like, these mothers reaching towards self-actualization - of being a person outside of being a mother, and the challenges, the cost of that. You know, it's an old story, but it's not one that, like, we talk about in contemporary times because now we kind of have this falsehood that, like, you can have it all, you know?
AVIV: Yeah. In the beginning of the book, I talk about how I noticed that two pieces I'd written had almost the same scene. One was about the philosopher Martha Nussbaum, the other was about the psychologist Elizabeth Loftus. And somehow I had written paragraphs that were very similar that were both about how they were either giving birth to a baby or trying to get pregnant and they refused to step away from their work. Like, they - Martha Nussbaum brought philosophy texts to read so she could sort of prove to everyone that she had not changed - that she was sort of still the same, hardworking star that she'd always been.
I think what I was struck by was how much I was sort of romanticizing that idea that, like, you become a mother and you remain, like, stoically the same. And I don't know why that was such a value, but it was. And I remember I had a - my editor at The New Yorker was like, you're not actually that happy now. Why are you trying to stay the same?
MOSLEY: (Laughter).
AVIV: And I (laughter) remember thinking that was a really good point, but, like, it wasn't also - it wasn't penetrating me.
MOSLEY: Can you kind of talk a little bit about what you were thinking before you became a mother and then how your thinking kind of evolved from this binary, overblown way of thinking?
AVIV: There's a really good book called "Transformative Experiences" (ph) by the philosopher L.A. Paul, and I remember reading that when I was pregnant. And it's kind of about how you cannot possibly make a decision to have a child that is rational because the conditions of your life and your understanding of values will change so radically that, like, it sort of explodes the idea of a reasoned decision. And she compares it to the decision to become a vampire. I think I found that, like, incredibly frightening. Maybe because, like, I had spent so much time as a young adult, like, feeling like I needed to establish this identity and then kind of cling to it nervously.
Yeah, I guess I look back on that, and it's not that I feel I'm so changed. I probably wish I were changed more. But I do think that sort of holding on to sameness feels like the behavior of someone who is frightened. And I would love to know what Martha Nussbaum and Elizabeth Loftus think now about what they were doing during birth. Like, at the time, I kind of glorified it or romanticized it, and I would, like - they're both, you know, in their 70s or 80s. I would like to know if they think they were too brittle and that they were too afraid of change and that they didn't realize how long life actually was.
MOSLEY: If you're just joining us, my guest today is writer Rachel Aviv from The New Yorker. Her new essay collection is called "You Won't Get Free Of It: Stories Of Mothers And Daughters." We'll continue our conversation after a short break. This is FRESH AIR.
(SOUNDBITE OF SOLANGE SONG, "WEARY")
MOSLEY: This is FRESH AIR. I'm Tonya Mosley. And today, I'm talking with New Yorker writer Rachel Aviv. Her new book, "You Won't Get Free If It," gathers seven stories of mothers and daughters, essays she first reported for the magazine.
I want to talk about something that you wrote about in the preface of your first book, "Strangers To Ourselves," and it is about when you were 6 and you stopped eating. And you were 6 years old, so you never really heard the word anorexia, but became - they told you later - the youngest child ever hospitalized for it. Can you tell me what you remember most about that time in your life?
AVIV: I remember the children that I was with. It was sort of this old school, like, anorexia ward, where I was surrounded by older - slightly older girls, like 12 felt old to me 'cause I was 6. And I remember learning from them and understanding what anorexia was not because I was sort of bringing the palette of symptoms to the table, but because they were telling me things, like, you know, you're supposed to exercise. That's how you burn calories. Or, like, do jumping jacks, look at your stomach. These things - it was such a strange, kind of competitive environment in which girls who all had some form of related distress were put together and then began to express that distress in increasingly similar ways.
MOSLEY: And you're learning from each other. You're learning these bad habits from each other.
AVIV: Yeah. Yeah.
MOSLEY: Can you talk just a little bit about what you remember about yourself when you stopped eating and what you were telling yourself about not eating?
AVIV: I think I felt very proud of myself. Like, I had done this very - this, like, severe act of self-discipline and that there was something, like, noble, and it was proof of my sort of strong individuality. So I think I knew it was bothering everyone, but I must have felt like on some level, they secretly respected it because I think that's how I felt about myself for a while, that, like, I had shown how strong I was.
MOSLEY: Do you remember what you were responding to?
AVIV: Well, it's hard because, you know, I had, like, child therapy, and there were theories floated then that I have now taken as my own. But I think - yeah, I think not eating is, like, the most profound way to separate yourself. Well, actually, I mean, that comes from my therapist. I remember her saying as a child that, like, and it was overwrought. And she was, like, this trained as a psychoanalyst, but I was 6, so it was sort of ill fitting. But I remember her saying, like, the mother symbolizes milk, and you're rejecting the mother and sort of asserting your own boundaries. And I don't know about the milk part, but that has some resonance.
MOSLEY: You write about this. It's the preface of the book, so it's just the way for us to enter, then, these stories about mental health and mental illness and - in the same way that you do this with the story of you and your mother for this latest book. But I wondered how that experience shaped your interests in these underexplored but also pretty complicated stories because you don't really shy away from stories that don't give a clean, you know, narrative.
AVIV: I often think - I mean, I - after I was released from the hospital after six weeks, I was required to go to therapy three times a week. So that was from first grade to fifth grade, like, three times a week, 45 minutes each, sort of psychoanalytic therapy. And I have no idea whether that was sort of emotionally useful, but I do feel like intellectually, it was useful in some way. Like, it taught me a certain way of talking about the mind and thinking about the mind and not assuming that the surface layer of behavior is true or sort of always, like, feeling that there is something underneath that surface layer or that there are conflicted feelings. It just gave me a different kind of language for appreciating, like, how complex people's minds are. So I sometimes think that those five years of therapy, which I found, like, humiliating and invasive, really shaped the way I think about people.
MOSLEY: Because so much of your writing, it kind of sits on the edges of mental illness and brain science in particular. I think I heard you say It was an op-ed, where you said that a woman once told you that describing her mental illness is like describing a dog's bark to someone who'd never seen a dog. Tell me about what intrigues you most about trying to bring language to that experience, to mental illness in particular.
AVIV: I have thought about that so much, and I think that woman who said that to me shaped so much of the way I approach sort of psychological experience because, especially with psychiatry, it is so hard to communicate the experience. And so you kind of reach for the available language. And when you reach for that available language, you are also kind of distorting the original experience you had because it's, like, conforming or mapping onto symptoms or psychiatric language. Like, it feels like there's a core of distressing experience that we sometimes, like, aren't bothering to articulate because we're relying on the diagnostic language or the kind of, like, advocacy language.
I think with sexual abuse - that was an experience I had - where, you know, someone can say, I felt violated, and that feels familiar, and, of course, it's like, getting to the heart of it. But there was a way in which Andrea, Alice Munro's daughter, spoke in which I felt like I was just appreciating, like, the corrosive nature of not just the abuse, but sort of what it means to sort of not be able to speak about that abuse, and that there is value in trying to describe it, in part because other people - it kind of gives language to other people who feel like they're the only ones in the world who've had this experience.
MOSLEY: You know, books come out and they speak to a particular moment. What do you think your book in this particular moment is sort of telling us or allowing us to see about ourselves? Why meditate particularly on stories of mothers and daughters in this moment and in ways that complicate our notions or what we've traditionally read about mother-daughter relationships?
AVIV: I mean, motherhood is definitely politicized in ways that become very binary and simplistic. And I have thought a lot about sort of how to write in this particular moment because everything is happening so fast, and nothing rises to the level of corruption that is sort of happening right in front of us. Like, whatever you're uncovering, kind of pales - no one's hiding anything anymore, in a way. And I guess I'm just, like - it's been a struggle for me and for other journalists I'm friends with to sort of think about what constitutes a story these days. I think, like, complicated stories that hold different viewpoints that don't take the kind of expected predictable argument are something to hold onto - and that feel at-risk. And so I don't want to write stories where I know the answer from the beginning or where I know what the argument is going to be. I like to really feel uncertain until the piece is done.
MOSLEY: Rachel Aviv, thank you so much for this book and this conversation.
AVIV: Thank you so much.
MOSLEY: Rachel Aviv's new essay collection is called "You Won't Get Free Of It: Stories Of Mothers And Daughters."
Coming up, TV critic John Powers reviews the new comedy series "Alice And Steve." This is FRESH AIR.
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